Brands Find Racist Videos Next to Ads 名牌廣告和造假種族歧視影片 在YT一起播

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2024/11/22 第512期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 Brands Find Racist Videos Next to Ads 名牌廣告和造假種族歧視影片 在YT一起播 Crunch Time for Election Interference: October Is the Month of Mischief 干擾美國大選的緊要關頭：10月是毀壞之月

Brands Find Racist Videos Next to Ads 名牌廣告和造假種族歧視影片 在YT一起播 文/Tiffany Hsu and Stuart A. Th 譯/羅方妤 名牌廣告和造假種族歧視影片 在YT一起播 On YouTube, an ad for the car company Mazda appeared before a video that repeated the racist falsehood that Haitian migrants in Ohio were "eating ducks on the side of the road." An ad for the software giant Adobe showed up alongside another video that claimed "people have had their pets abducted and eaten by people who shouldn't be in this country." 在YouTube，汽車公司馬自達一則廣告出現在一段影片之前，該影片重申俄亥俄州海地移民「在路邊吃鴨子」的種族主義謊言。軟體巨頭Adobe的廣告與另一支影片一起出現，聲稱「人們的寵物被不該在這個國家的人綁架吃掉」。 Even an ad for Vice President Kamala Harris was placed ahead of a video that spread the unsupported statement that migrants were "going to parks, grabbing ducks, cutting their heads off and eating them." 連副總統賀錦麗的廣告之後也被安插一支影片，傳播未經證實說法，稱移民「去公園抓鴨子，砍了牠們的頭吃掉牠們」。 Many advertisers have tried for years to avoid sharing space with content about polarizing politics, hate speech or misinformation. That ads appeared anyway on YouTube ahead of falsehoods about Haitian migrants underscores the difficulty advertisers face in maintaining brand safety. 許多廣告業主數年來一直試圖避免和兩極化政治、仇恨言論與假訊息等內容共享空間。但YouTube上的廣告還是出現在關於海地移民的謊言之前，凸顯廣告業主維持品牌安全面臨困難。 Just last month, researchers discovered advertisements on YouTube for more than a dozen large organizations and consumer brands that monetized xenophobic (and quickly debunked) claims. Advertising dollars flowed both to YouTube and to the commentators it allowed to amplify inflammatory and racist narratives, according to a report by Eko, a group focused on corporate accountability. 光是上個月，研究人員就發現YouTube上超過一打大型組織和消費品牌廣告，讓仇外（但被迅速揭穿）的言論獲利。關注公司問責的團體Eko指出，廣告獲利流向YouTube，以及被其允許放大煽動性與種族主義陳述的評論員。 The videos that were accompanied by the ads garnered nearly 1.6 million views on YouTube in a 72-hour period after former President Donald Trump promoted a falsehood about Haitian immigrants during a presidential debate, Eko found. The group estimated that the commentators likely earned a few thousand dollars collectively from the advertisements. Eko發現，前總統川普在總統辯論中宣揚關於海地移民的謊言後，這些廣告伴隨的影片，72小時內在YouTube獲得近160萬瀏覽人次。該組織估計，這些評論員總共可能從這些廣告賺取數千美元。 A spokesperson for YouTube said videos appearing on its site might be restricted from earning money if they had violated its "advertiser-friendly guidelines" or other policies. The company said it had removed one video flagged by Eko and was reviewing others. YouTube一名發言人表示，在他們網站出現的影片若違反「廣告商友善指南」和其他政策，可能會被限制賺取收入。該公司表示，他們已移除一支被Eko標記的影片，也在審查其他影片。 Advertisements for companies that used digital advertising platforms were 10 times more likely to appear on misinformation websites than on those that did not use the technology: Nearly 80% of the most active advertisers relying on such tactics from 2019 to 2021 had ads that appeared on such sites, according to a report published in Nature in June. 使用數位廣告平台的公司廣告，出現在假訊息網站的可能性是沒有使用這類科技公司10倍：「自然」期刊6月發布的一份報告顯示，2019至2021年間，仰賴這類策略的最活躍廣告業主，近80%有廣告出現在這類網站。 Having an advertisement land next to misinformation can be financially damaging — the share of people who click on such ads is 46% lower than for ads that avoid being twinned with toxic content, according to Integral Ad Science, a company focusing on brand safety. 關注品牌安全的公司Integral Ad Science指出，廣告出現在假訊息旁邊可能造成財務損失，點擊這些廣告的人數比率，比避免和有毒內容同時出現的廣告低46%。 Crunch Time for Election Interference: October Is the Month of Mischief 干擾美國大選的緊要關頭：10月是毀壞之月 文/David E. Sanger and Julian E 譯/羅方妤 干擾美國大選的緊要關頭：10月是毀壞之月 Federal officials battling foreign interference in the coming election say they are entering what may be the most perilous period of the campaign: October, when the prospect for mischief runs high and the time to react runs short. 在即將來臨的選舉中對抗外國干預的聯邦官員表示，他們正進入或許是選戰最危險的時期：10月，危害0的可能性升高，但反應時間變短。 While the Russians make little attempt to hide their support for former President Donald Trump, the Iranians — among Russia's most important suppliers in the war in Ukraine — desperately want to stop him from returning to office, and are busy hacking into his campaign and dumping whatever they find, as well as plotting to assassinate him. The Justice Department has announced the indictment of an Iranian hacking group closely associated with Iran's Revolutionary Guard for the hack of the Trump campaign, along with efforts to attack the accounts of Washington journalists and others. 儘管俄羅斯人幾乎沒有試圖隱藏他們支持前總統川普，但身為俄國在烏克蘭戰爭最重要供應國之一的伊朗，極力希望阻止川普重返白宮，並忙於駭入他的競選團隊、洩漏所找到的任何資料，還計畫暗殺他。美國司法部已宣布起訴一個和伊朗革命衛隊關係密切的伊朗駭客組織，指控他們駭入川普競選團隊，以及試圖攻擊華府記者和其他人的帳號。 And China, once expected to be a major player in the election, seems uncertain which candidate it detests more. So, for now, Beijing is focusing on local races, conducting influence operations that have the potential to undermine public faith in the basic democratic process. 曾被預期這次選舉主要角色的中國，似乎不確定哪位候選人更令其厭惡。因此，目前北京關注地方選戰，進行影響力行動，可能損害大眾對基本民主程序的信任。 That has been the essence of a series of private intelligence briefings for election workers and members of Congress recently, as U.S. officials describe the stark, oftentimes confusing battlefield in which disinformation ramps up and the risk of cyberattacks is greatest. 這是近期針對選舉工作人員和國會成員一系列秘密情報簡報的重點，美國官員描述了一個嚴峻、經常令人困惑的戰場，戰場上假訊息大幅增加而網路攻擊風險達到最大。 At first glance, those briefings sound right out of the playbooks from 2016 and 2020. During one such meeting on Sept. 13, U.S. officials said Russia remained "the most active foreign influence threat" and other countries were flooding the internet with messages meant to "stoke discord and undermine confidence in our electoral process." 乍看之下，這些簡報聽起來和2016和2020年大選劇本如出一轍。在9月13日一場這類會議中，美國官員表示，俄國仍是「最活躍的外國影響力威脅」，其他國家則在網際網路上散布大量訊息，意在「煽動不和與減弱對我們選舉過程的信心」。 But as the briefing went on it was clear that what may unfold in the next month and a half includes some new features that American election officials have never seen before. 但隨著簡報會持續進行，很明顯的，接下來一個半月可能會有一些美國選舉官員先前從未見過的新特點。 "What is going to be happening in the next two months is going to be an onslaught," said Sen. Angus King, I-Maine, who sits on the Senate Intelligence Committee. He said foreign powers "are getting more active, more aggressive." 參議院情報委員會成員、緬因州無黨籍聯邦參議員金恩表示：「接下來兩個月將會有場猛烈攻勢。」他說，外國勢力「變得更活躍，更具侵略性」。

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