See That Fridge on the Sidewalk? It’s Full of Free Food 紐約街頭的愛心冰箱 全放「免費食物

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2020/08/07 第311期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 See That Fridge on the Sidewalk? It's Full of Free Food 紐約街頭的愛心冰箱 全放「免費食物」 Colleges Face Rising Revolt by Professors 重返大學校園 美國教授很有意見

See That Fridge on the Sidewalk? It's Full of Free Food 紐約街頭的愛心冰箱 全放「免費食物」 紐約街頭的愛心冰箱 全放「免費食物」 A lonely refrigerator sits on a Bronx sidewalk at 242nd Street and Broadway. It's not trash. 紐約布朗克斯區242街與百老匯街交口的人行道上，一台冰箱孤零零站在那兒。它可不是棄置物。 Painted in bright yellows, purples, oranges and blues, the fridge has "Free Food" written in bubble letters across its freezer, with the same in Spanish, "Comida Gratis," on its side. 冰箱漆成亮黃色、紫色、橘色與藍色，冷凍庫上用泡泡字體英文寫著「免費食物」，側面寫有同樣意思的西班牙文。 Selma Raven makes good on that promise. She doesn't ask prodding questions of those who visit the fridge. She sometimes chats as she disinfects the unit, which is plugged into a socket inside a restaurant, and stocks it with fresh produce and ready-made meals. 塞爾瑪·雷文兌現了這承諾。她不會問光顧冰箱的人刺探性的問題。她有時會邊消毒冰箱邊聊天，並放入新鮮農產品和現成飯菜。冰箱從一家餐廳內的插座取電。 Mothers, home attendants, nursing assistants and the unemployed stop by the fridge to pick up food, Raven said. At first, some residents were skeptical; even cabdrivers told her it wouldn't work. Now, they're allies. 雷文說，為人母者、家庭看護、護理助理員及失業者會在冰箱旁停下拿取食物。起初一些居民抱持懷疑態度，連計程車司機都告訴她這行不通，如今他們都成了盟友。 Community-led, free-food refrigerators, sometimes nicknamed "friendly fridges," have been popping up on city sidewalks since February. 今年2月以來，亦稱「友善冰箱」、由社區主導的免費食物冰箱不斷出現在市街人行道上。 When the coronavirus pandemic and stay-at-home orders halted New York City's economy, many residents — some suddenly out of work, and others sick with the illness — struggled to fill their own refrigerators. 新冠肺炎全球大流行和居家避疫令讓紐約市經濟停滯，許多居民（有些突然失業，有些患上這疾病）難以填滿自己的冰箱。 At community refrigerators, anyone is welcome to take whatever they want and leave behind food they don't need, like extra produce. Many volunteers who clean and stock the refrigerators daily ask local restaurants and stores to donate unused or unsold food items instead of throwing them away. 社區冰箱歡迎任何人取走任何東西，留下不需要的食物，像是多餘的農產品。每天清潔和存放食物的許多志工請求在地餐廳跟商家，捐出未用過或未賣出的食物，不要丟棄。 The goals are simple: Reduce food waste and feed the community. 目標很簡單：減少食物浪費，並為社區提供食物。 Food insecurity and waste have plagued both New Yorkers and the environment long before the pandemic. In the city, about 2 million people, or 1 in every 4 New Yorkers, are food insecure. 早在這場全球疫情發生以前，糧食取得缺乏保障與糧食的浪費就開始困擾紐約的居民和環境。這座城市約有200萬人，也就是4分之一的人，處於糧食無保障狀態。 About 30% of the country's food supply is wasted, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 美國農業部指出，美國有3成左右的糧食供應遭到丟棄。 A network of New Yorkers collaborating with In Our Hearts, an activist group, have set up and maintained at least 14 fridges, which are plugged into local bodegas, restaurants or homes with permission. 一個由紐約人組成、跟社運組織「在我們心中」合作的網絡已設立並維護至少14台冰箱，這些冰箱在當地雜貨店、餐廳或住家的許可下接上電源。 The volunteers who tend to many of the free-food refrigerators in New York communicate with one another on Signal, the encrypted messaging app, to coordinate the distribution of food from organizations like Universe City, an aquaponic farm and work space in Brownsville, Brooklyn. 在紐約照料許多免費食物冰箱的志工，以加密通訊應用程式Signal互相連絡，以協調來自「宇宙城」等組織的食物分配。宇宙城是個位於布魯克林區布朗斯維爾的魚菜共生農場和工作室。 Thadeaus Umpster, an organizer with In Our Hearts, said that people have been giving away refrigerators through Instagram.In February, Umpster set up the group's first refrigerator in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. 在我們心中的組織者薩迪厄斯．安普斯特說，人們一直透過Instagram捐出冰箱。今年2月，安普斯特在布魯克林區貝德福-史泰維山特設置該組織的第一台冰箱。 As the pandemic worsened in March and April, other people asked to get involved. It also seemed that the more refrigerators New Yorkers saw on social media like Instagram, the more new ones appeared. 隨著疫情在3月與4月惡化，另有些人要求參與，而且似乎紐約人在Instagram等社群媒體上看到的冰箱越多，新冰箱出現的也越多。 In recent weeks, Umpster has been distributing food to other fridges and answering calls from people across the world who want to start similar projects. 近幾周安普斯特一直在向其他冰箱分發食物，並接聽世界各地想要啟動類似計畫者打來的電話。 （Amanda Rosa）（陳韋廷/譯，樂慧生/核稿） Colleges Face Rising Revolt by Professors 重返大學校園 美國教授很有意見 重返大學校園 教授很有意見 College students across the country have been warned that campus life will look drastically different in the fall, with temperature checks at academic buildings, masks in half-empty lecture halls and maybe no football games. 全美國的大學生都已經接獲警告，今年秋季的校園生活將會與以往大不相同，教學大樓內會有體溫檢測站，空了一半的教室裡大家必須戴上口罩，而且可能不會有美式足球比賽了。 What they might not expect: a lack of professors in the classroom. 他們可能意想不到的情況是：教室裡少了教授。 Thousands of instructors at American colleges and universities have told administrators in recent days that they are unwilling to resume in-person classes because of the pandemic. 美國各學院與大學已有數以千計的教師近日告訴校方，由於新冠肺炎疫情嚴重，他們不願恢復面對面的授課。 More than three-quarters of colleges and universities have decided students can return to campus this fall. But they face a growing faculty revolt. 全美超過四分之三的學院和大學已經決定讓學生今年秋天重返校園，但他們面臨到愈來愈多教師的反抗。 "Until there's a vaccine, I'm not setting foot on campus," said Dana Ward, 70, an emeritus professor of political studies at Pitzer College in Claremont, California, who teaches a class in anarchist history and thought. "Going into the classroom is like playing Russian roulette." 現年70歲、在加州克萊蒙匹澤學院教授無政府主義歷史與思想課程的政治學榮譽教授達娜．沃德說：「在疫苗出現之前，我不會踏進校園。走進教室就像在玩俄羅斯輪盤。」 This comes as major outbreaks have hit college towns this summer, spread by partying students and practicing athletes. It is hard to predict how many professors will refuse to teach face to face in the fall. But schools and professors are planning ahead. 這是因為今年夏天各地的大學城都爆發大規模疫情，由聚會狂歡的學生與做訓練的運動員傳播開來。目前很難預測有多少教授會拒絕在秋季進行面對面教學，但學校跟教授們都正在未雨綢繆。 A Cornell University survey of its faculty found that about one-third were "not interested in teaching classes in person," one-third were "open to doing it if conditions were deemed to be safe," and about one-third were "willing and anxious to teach in person," said Michael Kotlikoff, Cornell's provost. 康乃爾大學教務長麥可·柯里考夫表示，一項對教職人員的調查發現，約有三分之一「無意親自授課」，另有三分之一「在情況被視為安全的前提下，願意親自授課」，剩下的大約三分之一則「願意且渴望親自授課」。 Faculty members at institutions including Penn State, the University of Illinois, Notre Dame and the State University of New York have signed petitions complaining that they are not being consulted and are being pushed back into classrooms too fast. 在包括賓州州立大學、伊利諾大學、聖母大學與紐約州立大學在內的一些院校，教職人員已連署請願書，抱怨校方沒有徵詢他們的意見，並且過早逼他們重回教室。 The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign campus is known for its lively social scene, says a faculty petition. To expect more than 50,000 students to behave according to public health guidelines, it goes on, "would be to ignore reality." 一份教職人員請願書中寫道，厄巴納-香檳伊利諾大學以社交活動熱絡聞名，指望5萬多名學生按照公衛準則行事「是無視於現實」。 At Penn State, an open letter signed by more than 1,000 faculty members demands that the university "affirm the autonomy of instructors in deciding whether to teach classes, attend meetings and hold office hours remotely, in person or in some hybrid mode." The letter also asks for faculty members to be able to change their mode of teaching at any time, and not to be obligated to disclose personal health information as a condition of teaching online. 在賓州州立大學，一封有1000多名教職人員連署的公開信要求校方「確認教師在決定遠距、親自或以某種混合模式授課、參加會議與安排輔導時間上，擁有自主權」。信中還要求讓教職人員能隨時改變教學模式，且不得以強制披露個人健康資訊作為允許他們從事線上教學的條件。 "I shudder at the prospect of teaching in a room filled with asymptomatic superspreaders," wrote Paul M. Kellermann, 62, an English professor at Penn State, in an essay for Esquire magazine, proclaiming that "1,000 of my colleagues agree." 現年62歲的賓州州立大學英語教授保羅．凱勒曼在君子雜誌上發表文章寫道，「一想到要在一間充滿無症狀患者的教室裡教課，我就不寒而慄」，並聲稱「我有1000位同事跟我有同感」。 文/Anemona Hartocollis 譯/陳韋廷 核稿/樂慧生 說文解字看新聞 【陳韋廷】 全美許多大學在疫情爆發後被迫改採線上授課方式，如今好不容易能重開校園，卻遇上教授們拒絕重返教室的難題，文中以revolt（反抗、造反）形容他們的抗爭，而faculty在文中作「全體教職人員（即教師）」解，此字還指大學中的院或是部，像是faculty of agriculture（農學院）或faculty of medicine（醫學院）。 provost指美加地區高教體系中的「教務長」，負責管理一切學術相關活動與課程事務，但在英國則指大學中的學院院長。至於美國大學中常見職稱，除教授外還有chair（系主任）、dean（院長）、president╱chancellor（校長），又chancellor指的是有多校區的大學校長，而教授頭銜又分為assistant professor（助理教授）、associate professor（副教授）、adjunct Professor（兼任教授）及文中提到的榮譽教授。 另petition意指「請願、請願書」，為新聞英文常見單字，若用在法律領域內則表示「訴狀」之意，常跟動詞sign連用。

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