 |  | Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way 小行動 大不同 by Igor Bagrov | Change our attitude, and we can make the world a better place.
改變我們的生活態度，我們能讓世界變得更美好。
| We live in a world of paradoxes▼. One of them is the global food shortage that promises to be a _(1)_ in the very near future. But is it really a huge, unsolvable problem? True, millions of people, especially in Africa and Asia, _(2)_, balancing on the brink of death from hunger. But it is also true that in the West, about 40 percent of all food ends up in the _(3)_. In the US alone, an average family throws out over 1,000 pounds of food every year. With regard to the whole of the country, that _(4)_ a staggering waste of about US$165 billion. Of course, this problem is a big headache for the government and the UN authorities, so individual groups are taking an initiative to see what they can do in this _(5)_.
The so-called "sharing a refrigerator" campaign is gaining _(6)_ in Europe. In an office or a dormitory, people share the same fridge's contents instead of keeping an individual bottle of milk or a package of franks▼. It is amazing to see how the volume of wasted food has _(7)_ in this program. Of course, sharing a fridge requires certain rules: giving each person enough space, _(8)_ when the food was made, keeping the food in leak- and smell-proof containers, timely replenishing of the contents of the fridge, etc.
You will also be surprised by how much such a practice organizes us: we become less selfish and more cooperative, we learn new skills of living in a community, and it wakes up our dormant▼ virtues of compassion and generosity. It really does not _(9)_ much to make our neighbors happy.
The "sharing a fridge" initiative has been tried on a wider scale in the Basque province of Spain, under the name "Solidarity▼ Fridge," _(10)_ "public" fridges offer food and welcome donations right on the city streets. These may seem just like tiny steps in the right direction, but we should never forget that big things often result from small actions.
(A) many (B) trash (C) dwindled (D) catastrophe
(E) starve (F) uttering (G) amounts to (H) take
(I) popularity (J) labeling (K) where (L) respect
|  |  | | | |  | - One of them is the global food shortage that promises to be a catastrophe in the very near future.
其中一項矛盾之處是在不久的將來注定會變成災難的全球糧食短缺。
理由:
a. 空格前有不定冠詞 a，得知空格應置子音為首的單數名詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (B) trash（垃圾）、(D) catastrophe（災難）、(I) popularity（流行）及 (L) respect（方面；尊敬），惟根據語意，(D) 項應為正選。
c. catastrophe n. 災難
The prophet warned that a catastrophe would occur in 2012.
該預言家警告在 2012 年將有一場大災難發生。
＊prophet n. 預言家，先知 - True, millions of people, especially in Africa and Asia, starve, balancing on the brink of death from hunger.
的確，數百萬人（尤其是非洲與亞洲人）餓得發慌，他們在瀕臨餓死的邊緣掙扎著。
理由:
a. 本句主詞為 millions of people（數百萬人），視為複數，而空格後並無受詞，得知空格應置現在式或過去式複數不及物動詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (C) dwindled（減少）、(E) starve（挨餓）及 (H) take（有效果），惟根據語意，(E) 項應為正選。
c. starve vi. 挨餓，饑餓
衍: be starving to death 餓死了
（誇張用語，喻『很餓』）
Since I didn't have time for breakfast, I was starving to death by lunchtime.
由於沒時間吃早餐，到了中午我肚子都餓扁了。 - But it is also true that in the West, about 40 percent of all food ends up in the trash.
而在西方國家約有百分之四十的食物最終被棄置在垃圾堆裡這卻也是事實。
理由:
a. 空格前有定冠詞 the，得知空格應置名詞。
b. 選項中為名詞的尚有 (B) trash（垃圾）、(I) popularity（流行；受歡迎）及 (L) respect（方面；尊敬），惟根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。
c. trash n. 垃圾（集合名詞，不可數）
同: garbage n.
= rubbish n.
Susan is supposed to take out the trash every Friday, but she often forgets.
蘇珊每週五都該把垃圾拿出去丟，但她經常忘記。 - With regard to the whole of the country, that amounts to a staggering waste of about US$165 billion.
就整個國家來看，等同於浪費了驚人的一千六百五十億美元。
理由:
a. 空格前有代名詞 that（那），空格後有名詞詞組 a staggering waste of about 165 billion dollars（浪費了驚人的一千六百五十億美元），得知空格應置單數及物動詞或片語動詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的有 (C) dwindled（減少）及 (G) amounts to（總計達……），惟根據語意，(G) 項應為正選。
c. amount to... （加起來）總計達……
同: add up to...
The kid's doctor bills amounted to thousands of US dollars.
那名小孩的醫藥費高達數千美元。 - Of course, this problem is a big headache for the government and the UN authorities, so individual groups are taking an initiative to see what they can do in this respect.
當然，這個問題對政府和聯合國來說很傷腦筋，因此許多個別團體皆主動出擊，看看他們在這方面能做些什麼。
理由:
a. 空格前有形容詞 this（這），得知空格應置名詞以被 this 修飾。
b. 選項中為名詞的尚有 (I) popularity（流行；受歡迎）及 (L) respect（方面；尊敬），惟根據語意，(L) 項應為正選。
c. respect n. 方面
同: aspect n.
In many respects, this proposal is better than the last one.
這份提案在許多方面都比前一份來得好。 - The so-called "sharing a refrigerator" campaign is gaining popularity in Europe.
所謂『共享一臺冰箱』活動在歐洲越來越受歡迎。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法：
gain popularity 受到歡迎
popularity n. 受歡迎；普及
Organic vegetables are gaining popularity day by day.
有機蔬菜日益受到歡迎。
b. 根據上述用法，(I) 項應為正選。 - It is amazing to see how the volume of wasted food has dwindled in this program.
能夠在這項計劃中看見食物浪費量減少的程度真的很令人訝異。
理由:
a. 空格前有表完成式的助動詞 has，空格後有介詞 in，得知空格應置過去分詞形式的不及物動詞。
b. 選項中符合上述的僅有 (C) dwindled（減少），置入後亦符合語意，故為正選。
c. dwindle vi. 減少
As oil supplies dwindle, we need to find other sources of sustainable energy.
由於原油供應逐漸減少，我們必須尋找其他的永續能源。 - Of course, sharing a fridge requires certain rules: giving each person enough space, labeling when the food was made, keeping the food in leak- and smell-proof containers, timely replenishing of the contents of the fridge, etc.
當然，共享一臺冰箱需要一定的規則：給予每個人足夠的空間、標示出該食物是何時製造的、將食物存放在防漏及防止氣味擴散的容器裡，以及適時補充冰箱裡的東西等等。
理由:
a. 空格前有動名詞 giving（給）及名詞詞組 each person（每個人），空格後有名詞子句 when the food was made（該食物是何時製造的），得知空格應置動名詞以和 giving 形成對等。
b. 選項中為動名詞的有 (F) uttering（說）及 (J) labeling（標示），惟根據語意，(J) 項應為正選。
c. label vt. 在……標記；貼標籤
The doctor labeled the bottle of pills as expired.
那名醫生在該藥瓶上貼上標籤以示過期。 - It really does not take much to make our neighbors happy.
想要讓我們的鄰居快樂真的很簡單。
理由:
a. 本題測試以下固定用法：
It takes + 表條件的名詞 + to V 做……需要……（條件）
It takes quite a bit effort to establish a successful business.
開創成功的事業必須付出很大的心力。
b. 根據上述用法，(H) 項應為正選。 - The "sharing a fridge" initiative has been tried on a wider scale in the Basque province of Spain, under the name "Solidarity Fridge," where "public" fridges offer food and welcome donations right on the city streets.
『共享一臺冰箱』倡議行動曾以『團結冰箱』之名用更大規模的方式在西班牙巴斯克區試行，當地的『公共』冰箱就在市區街道上供應食物，且歡迎大家捐贈食物。
理由:
a. 空格前有表『地方』的先行詞 in the Basque province of Spain（在西班牙巴斯克區），空格後有一完整子句 "public" fridges offer food and welcome donations right on the city streets（『公共』冰箱就在市區街道上供應食物，且歡迎大家捐贈食物），得知空格內應置能修飾地方的關係副詞 where 來引導形容詞子句。
This is the house where I once lived.
這就是我曾經住過的房子。
b. 根據上述用法，(K) 項應為正選。 | | | |  | - Where there is a will, there is a way.
在有意志力的地方，就有一條道路。／有志者事竟成。── 諺語
同: In the place where there is a will, there is a way. - be on the brink of... 瀕臨??的邊緣
同: be on the verge of...
= be on the edge of...
brink n. 邊緣
Lillian is on the brink of an emotional breakdown.
莉莉安正處於情緒崩潰的邊緣。
＊breakdown n. 崩潰 - with / in regard to... 關於……
With regard to our honeymoon destination, I would prefer to go to a tropical island.
關於我們蜜月旅行的地點，我比較想去一座熱帶島嶼。 - on a... scale 以……的規模
衍: on a large / small scale 大／小規模（地）
As war broke out, people fled the city on a large scale.
戰爭爆發時，人們大規模地逃離該市。 - result from... 起因於……
反: result in... 造成……
Cancer can result from too much exposure to the sun.
癌症可能起因於過度曝曬於太陽光下。 | |  | ▼ paradox n. 矛盾
▼ frank n. 法蘭克牌香腸（小熱狗）（視為可數名詞）
▼ dormant a. 蟄伏的；休眠的
衍: a dormant volcano 休火山
▼ solidarity n. 團結
衍: express / show solidarity with sb
展現與某人團結一致的心意 | |  | - staggering a. 驚人的；巨大的
A staggering sum of money was spent on the couple's wedding.
那對新人結婚的費用高得驚人。 - so-called a. 所謂的
The so-called talented lawyer lost nine out of 10 cases this month.
那名所謂的天才律師在這個月的十件案子中，有九件都打輸。 - dormitory n. 宿舍
Living in the dormitory is fun, but there isn't much privacy.
住在宿舍很有趣，但沒什麼隱私可言。 - volume n. 量
衍: a large volume of... 大量的（接不可數名詞）
= a large amount of...
There's a large volume of traffic on the roads on the weekends.
週末路上車流量很大。 - -proof suffix 防／抗／耐……的
衍: radiation-proof 防輻射的
water-proof 防水的
bullet-proof 防彈的
The material is stored in a special radiation-proof container.
該原料被儲存在一個防輻射的特殊容器裡。 - replenish vt. 補充
We must use natural resources wisely—many of them cannot be replenished.
我們必須善用天然資源 ── 它們有很多是無法再填補的。 - cooperative a. 合作的
反: uncooperative a. 不合作的
This young man is dutiful and cooperative.
這名年輕人既負責任又肯合作。
＊dutiful a. 盡責的
During the interview, Kevin had poor eye contact with his interviewer and was generally uncooperative.
在訪談過程中，凱文和訪問他的人沒有眼神交流，而且不太配合。 - virtue n. 美德
衍: virtuous a. 有道德的；正直的
As the saying goes, "Modesty is a virtue."
俗話說：『謙虛是美德。』
The actor made a career out of playing virtuous roles in movies.
這名演員以在電影中扮演正派角色而有所成就。
＊make a career out of... 在……有所成就 - compassion n. 同情；憐憫
衍: have compassion for... 對……有同情心
The nurse had great compassion for the patients.
那名護士對病人非常有同情心。 | | | |
 | 小行動 大不同
改變我們的生活態度，我們能讓世界變得更美好。
我們生活在充滿矛盾的世界。其中一項矛盾之處是在不久的將來注定會變成災難的全球糧食短缺。但這真的是一個無法解決的大問題嗎？的確，數百萬人（尤其是非洲與亞洲人）餓得發慌，他們在瀕臨餓死的邊緣掙扎著。而在西方國家約有百分之四十的食物最終被棄置在垃圾堆裡這卻也是事實。單單在美國，平均每戶家庭每年就丟掉一千多磅（編按：約四百五十三公斤。）的食物。就整個國家來看，等同於浪費了驚人的一千六百五十億美元。當然，這個問題對政府和聯合國來說很傷腦筋，因此許多個別團體皆主動出擊，看看他們在這方面能做些什麼。
所謂『共享一臺冰箱』活動在歐洲越來越受歡迎。在一間辦公室或宿舍裡，人們共享一臺冰箱裡的東西，而不是存放各自的一瓶牛奶或一包法蘭克牌香腸。能夠在這項計劃中看見食物浪費量減少的程度真的很令人訝異。當然，共享一臺冰箱需要一定的規則：給予每個人足夠的空間、標示出該食物是何時製造的、將食物存放在防漏及防止氣味擴散的容器裡，以及適時補充冰箱裡的東西等等。
你還會因這樣的做法對我們有多大凝聚力而感到驚訝：我們變得較不自私且更樂於合作，我們學習到同住在一個社區裡的生活新技能，而且它喚醒了蟄伏在我們體內同情與慷慨的美德。想要讓我們的鄰居快樂真的很簡單。
『共享一臺冰箱』倡議行動曾以『團結冰箱』之名用更大規模的方式在西班牙巴斯克區試行，當地的『公共』冰箱就在市區街道上供應食物，且歡迎大家捐贈食物。這些或許看起來只是朝著正確方向邁進的一小步，但我們千萬不要忘記，偉大的成就往往來自微不足道的行動。
答案： 1. D 2. E 3. B 4. G 5. L 6. I 7. C 8. J 9. H 10. K
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