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Charlie Hebdo
《查理週刊》
High stakes when satire meets globalization
當諷刺漫畫遇到全球化，風險便會提高 |
| These are dark days for those who want to believe that the pen is mightier than the sword. The attack on French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo has caused grief and soul-searching around the world, and exposed the risks humorists can run — only intensified in an era of instant global communications where starkly opposed ideologies can collide. | 對那些相信筆比刀劍更有力量的人來說，當今是一段「黑暗歲月」。法國諷刺漫畫雜誌《查理週刊》遭到恐怖攻擊一事，引起全球各地世人的哀痛與反省，同時揭露幽默作家可能面臨的風險，而在現今這個壁壘分明對立意識型態可能發生衝突的全球即時通訊時代，這一點只會更加激化。 |
| British cartoonist Gerald Scarfe expressed his anguish in the Sunday Times newspaper with the image of a sword slicing off a hand holding a pen. In the Sunday Telegraph, Bob Moran depicted a cartoonist in full body armor under the slogan "Keep Calm and Carry On." For centuries, satirical stories and cartoons have mocked the powerful and sacred. Often they drew a harsh reaction. Offending an absolute monarch could mean death. Well into the 20th century, comedians from Lenny Bruce to the editors of British magazine Oz were prosecuted for offending society's sensibilities. | 英國漫畫家傑洛史卡夫在《星期日泰晤士報》中，以一把劍砍斷一隻握筆之手的漫畫，來表達他的痛苦之情。鮑伯莫蘭則在《星期日電訊報》中，描繪一名全身穿盔甲的漫畫家站在「保持冷靜並繼續創作」標語下的模樣。數個世紀以來，諷刺故事與卡通便一直嘲諷那些有權勢和地位神聖的人，而這些作品往往會引起嚴厲的回應。冒犯一位專制君主可能會帶來死亡。而在邁入廿世紀之際，美國諧星蘭尼布魯斯和英國《Oz》雜誌的編輯群，都曾因為 觸犯社會的敏感神經而遭到起訴。 |
| Today, societies in countries like France are more diverse than ever before. Once overwhelmingly Catholic, France is a now an officially secular country with 5 million Muslims, about 7.5 percent of the population. There's less consensus on what is taboo and where the boundaries of taste and offense lie. And now that words and images move around the world at the click of a mouse, there are more chances for provocative humor to collide with rigid ideas, whether Islamic fundamentalism or North Korean communism. | 時至今日，法國等國家的社會都比以往還要更多元化了。天主教徒曾佔絕大多數人口的法國，現今是個政教分離的國家，而其五百萬名穆斯林大約佔全國總人口的百分之七點五。禁忌以及品味與冒犯之間的界線何在，現在也模糊了許多。而在只要點一下滑鼠，文字與圖像就能傳遍全世界的現在，不管是伊斯蘭基本教義主義還是北韓共產主義，挑釁意味十足的幽默與根深蒂固的思想發生衝突的機率便會提高。 |
| When comedian Seth Rogen and his collaborators chose the imagined assassination of North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un, who presides over one of the world's most isolated countries, as the plot of slacker comedy "The Interview," the distant leader took offense. North Korea condemned the movie as an "unpardonable mockery of our sovereignty and dignity of our supreme leader." There were threats against U.S. movie theaters and Sony was hit by a cyberattack. | 當喜劇演員塞斯羅根和合作夥伴選擇虛構全球最孤立國家之一北韓的獨裁者金正恩遭暗殺經過，以作為粗俗幽默喜劇電影《名嘴出任務》的劇情時，這位遙遠國度的領導人顯然受到冒犯。北韓 政府譴責這部電影是「嘲笑我國主權與最高領導人不可原諒的行為」。美國戲院和索尼影業公司則分別受到恐嚇和網路駭客攻擊。 |
| Charlie Hebdo springs from a French satirical tradition that reaches back to the republic's revolutionary roots: rude, scabrous, an enemy of power and piety. Its targets have included popes, politicians — and the Prophet Muhammad. Many Muslims believe all images of the prophet are blasphemous; Charlie Hebdo's cartoons could be deliberately crude and outrageous, once showing Muhammad as a star in a porn shoot. Some witnesses reported that the attackers who killed 12 people at the paper's offices shouted "We have avenged the prophet." The attack on Charlie Hebdo is the latest shocking reminder that humor has both power and consequences. | 《查理週刊》的起源，可追溯至法國共和革命根源的諷刺傳統：粗魯、猥褻以及反抗權威與宗教信仰。該週刊的嘲諷對象包括教宗、政治人物，還有伊斯蘭先知穆罕默德。許多穆斯林認為先知所有的具體圖像都是褻瀆 行徑；而該週刊的漫畫可能會以既粗俗又誇大的形象呈現，包括有一次穆罕默德被畫成成人片的主角。部分目擊者指出，在該週刊辦公室殺害十二人的攻擊者曾經大喊：「我們替先知復仇了」。《查理週刊》遭攻擊的事件震撼地提醒世人，幽默是擁有力量且會帶來後果的最新一起事件。 |
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